{"id":17421,"date":"2022-10-18T09:37:56","date_gmt":"2022-10-18T02:37:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/?p=17421"},"modified":"2022-10-18T09:37:56","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T02:37:56","slug":"phan-mem-he-thong-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/phan-mem-he-thong-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb, vi x\u1eed l\u00fd, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. N\u00f3 c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m Windows, Linux, macOS, BSD\u2026 M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Windows XP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m Microsoft, trong khi Ubuntu th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u00e9 cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng GNU\/Linux.<\/p>\n

\"Ph\u1ea7n<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/h3>\n

T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n CPU, b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb, m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh, chu\u1ed9t, b\u00e0n ph\u00edm, c\u00e1c \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a, CD-ROM, m\u00e1y in\u2026 Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t<\/strong><\/h4>\n

T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 Microsoft Windows. H\u00e0ng tr\u0103m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean Windows, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean t\u1eadp video, ghi \u00e2m, x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1ea3nh\u2026 H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n b\u1ea1n t\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh. Nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a r\u00f5.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/h4>\n

M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1eb1m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1eadp tin n\u00e0o l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u1eb1m ngay b\u00ean trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u00edt kh\u00f4ng gian h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang \u00fd mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, driver thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trung gian, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ti\u1ec7n \u00edch, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\"Ph\u1ea7n<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh<\/strong><\/h4>\n

H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb, c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Windows 10 r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng Windows 8.1, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1ed5 trung v\u00e0 c\u00e1c add-on \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Driver thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Driver thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh si\u00eau nh\u1ecf, cho ph\u00e9p m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y in, m\u00e1y qu\u00e9t, v\u00e0 b\u00e0n ph\u00edm. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 driver thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng b\u1ea1n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 driver thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, m\u00e1y in s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft driver c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, th\u00ec Microsoft c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 driver ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Firmware<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Firmware l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u00fang v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. N\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Firmware th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc (ROM), c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 firmware c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt firmware c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb website c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1eeb \u0111\u0129a CD ho\u1eb7c USB.<\/p>\n

BIOS v\u00e0 UEFI<\/strong><\/h4>\n

BIOS (basic input\/output system) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t firmware ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra khi b\u1eadt ngu\u1ed3n (POST) v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u1ea1p h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. BIOS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u trong chip ROM tr\u00ean bo m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

UEFI (unified extensible firmware interface) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i firmware m\u1edbi h\u01a1n, cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng h\u01a1n BIOS. UEFI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c thu\u1ed9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau. UEFI c\u00f2n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n BIOS v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1edbi \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a 2TB ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u b\u1edfi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e3 vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh sang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c. Tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng khi b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y m\u00e3 vi\u1ebft \u1edf m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y n\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. N\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u0169 h\u01a1n sang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1edbi h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec7n \u00edch<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec7n \u00edch l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec7n \u00edch bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1eadp tin, tr\u00ecnh qu\u00e9t virus, v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec7n \u00edch th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb internet.<\/p>\n

\"Ph\u1ea7n<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/h4>\n

C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh, v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ri\u00eang, do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • C\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, trong khi c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh th\u00ec ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n
  • Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o slide show ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    T\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 sau:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • M\u1edf, l\u01b0u v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda t\u1eadp tin<\/li>\n
    • Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n<\/li>\n
    • T\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • G\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn email<\/li>\n
      • Duy\u1ec7t web<\/li>\n
      • T\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda \u1ea3nh s\u1ed1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        T\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/h3>\n

        Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

        Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh – \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

        H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh<\/strong><\/h4>\n

        H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb, vi x\u1eed l\u00fd, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb I\/O. Ch\u00fang c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 Microsoft Windows, ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m macOS c\u1ee7a Apple, Android c\u1ee7a Google, v\u00e0 Linux.<\/p>\n

        H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h4>\n
          \n
        • H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
        • N\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1eabn ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. N\u00f3 c\u00f2n cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
        • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u1ebd v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh hay truy xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o. H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh gi\u00fap m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh<\/strong><\/h4>\n

          H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c v\u1ee5, t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn cung c\u1ea5p giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd CPU, b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb I\/O. H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
          • M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Giao di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda (GUI) ho\u1eb7c giao di\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh (CLI). H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 xu\u1ea5t ra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/h4>\n

            H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, bao g\u1ed3m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd vi x\u1eed l\u00fd, b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c. H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f2n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

            \"Ph\u1ea7n<\/p>\n

            Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1eadp tin<\/strong><\/h4>\n

            H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c v\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1eadp tin. T\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea1o, x\u00f3a, v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp tin. H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh theo d\u00f5i n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1eadp tin v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang khi c\u1ea7n. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1eadp tin l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh n\u00e0o, b\u1edfi n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c t\u1eadp tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. Khi t\u1eadp tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

            Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb<\/strong><\/p>\n

            H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cho c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau, theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb khi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

            Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0. N\u1ebfu b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

            Nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1edbi nhau, bao g\u1ed3m ph\u00e2n trang (paging), ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n (segmentation), v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m (caching).<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Paging l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u trang nh\u1ecf, m\u1ed7i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao m\u1ed9t trang ri\u00eang.<\/li>\n
            • Segmentation l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n, m\u1ed7i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ri\u00eang.<\/li>\n
            • Caching l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau, h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0.<\/p>\n

              <\/p>\n

              Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/strong><\/h4>\n

              Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 v\u00e0 thu h\u1ed3i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb bao g\u1ed3m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1edbi, c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t driver, v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. N\u00f3 c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

              C\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c<\/strong><\/h4>\n
                \n
              • H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/li>\n
              • V\u00e0 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/h3>\n
                  \n
                • Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
                • Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t sau khi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  C\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/strong><\/h4>\n

                  C\u00f3 3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01a1n: <\/strong>ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/li>\n
                  2. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng: <\/strong>nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng l\u00fac. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/li>\n
                  3. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i: <\/strong>h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y, m\u1ed7i m\u00e1y ch\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/strong><\/h4>\n

                    H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 Microsoft Windows, Apple macOS, v\u00e0 Linux. M\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1edf th\u00edch v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb, vi x\u1eed l\u00fd, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. N\u00f3 c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17422,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17421","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chuyen-muc-khac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17421","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17421"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17421\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17422"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17421"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17421"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17421"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}