{"id":17788,"date":"2022-11-02T16:02:35","date_gmt":"2022-11-02T09:02:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/?p=17788"},"modified":"2022-11-02T16:02:35","modified_gmt":"2022-11-02T09:02:35","slug":"mang-may-tinh-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/mang-may-tinh-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 10 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. Nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y nh\u01b0 c\u00e1p quang, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ARPANET, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960, do B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c Ph\u00f2ng M\u1ef9 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin, b\u1edfi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 di chuy\u1ec3n. Ng\u00e0y nay, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xoay quanh internet, m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ecf k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean d\u00f9ng chung nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y in.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u1ee9ng c\u1ee9u th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng giao th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Google Drive \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf xa. M\u1ed7i khi ch\u00fang ta k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i qua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi video, stream video, chia s\u1ebb t\u1eadp tin, chat b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u1eafn tin t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi, hay \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean internet, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb 2 kh\u1ed1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: node, hay c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft. C\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u node v\u1edbi nhau. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y mang th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1edfi c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, hay c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00edch, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-17788-1.png\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-18923\" width=\"720\" height=\"720\" alt=\"M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 10 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-17788-1.png 720w, https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-17788-1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-17788-1-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng, hay node, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft trong m\u1ea1ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c: <\/strong>ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy xu\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t email xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng mail tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t laptop hay \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7: <\/strong>\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hay l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, n\u01a1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di\u1ec5n ra. M\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u li\u00ean quan c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn (router): <\/strong>\u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i. B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00f3i tr\u00ean qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn di\u1ec5n ra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch (switch): <\/strong>trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng, b\u1ed9 l\u1eb7p (repeater) gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ebf (transformer) trong l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n &#8211; ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 kh\u1eed nhi\u1ec5u ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. Hub l\u00e0 c\u00e1c repeater c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed5ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Ch\u00fang truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u1ed5ng n\u00e0o \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i (bridge) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c hub th\u00f4ng minh, ch\u1ec9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed5ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch (switch) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bridge nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed5ng. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eafm v\u00e0o switch \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<li><strong>N\u00fat m\u1ea1ng (gateway): <\/strong>gateway l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh c\u1ed5ng gi\u1eefa hai m\u1ea1ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda (firewall), b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn, ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t trong hai lo\u1ea1i sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>C\u00f3 d\u00e2y: <\/strong>c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee5c, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, c\u00e1p xo\u1eafn \u0111\u00f4i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1p s\u1ee3i quang. C\u00e1p s\u1ee3i quang d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o xung \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y: <\/strong>k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u00f4ng qua s\u00f3ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c. Lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y\u201d. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y bao g\u1ed3m v\u1ec7 tinh truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, m\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i ph\u1ed5 v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. M\u1ea1ng LAN kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 d\u1ea3i ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n trong m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 b\u1edfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c node tham gia v\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng tin. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 giao th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c internet (TCP\/IP), IEEE 802, Ethernet, LAN kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n di \u0111\u1ed9ng. TCP\/IP l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u1eb1m chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng giao ti\u1ebfp trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Theo TCP\/IP, c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m 4 l\u1edbp ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp truy c\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng: <\/strong>l\u1edbp n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng g\u1eedi c\u00e1c bit d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng qua d\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1p v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp internet: <\/strong>l\u1edbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i: <\/strong>l\u1edbp n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng: <\/strong>l\u1edbp n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5p cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac internet hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP, d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edf (OSI) g\u1ed3m 7 l\u1edbp v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<p>IEEE802 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n IEEE li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 (LAN) v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb (MAN). LAN kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m IEEE802 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi WLAN hay Wi-Fi.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 m\u1ea1ng<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>D\u00f9 c\u00e1c node, li\u00ean k\u1ebft, v\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng nhau t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng, m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7. B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng khi m\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, di chuy\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp (IDS), h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp (IPS), ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng (NAC), c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc n\u1ed9i dung, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng DDoS, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ti\u00eau ch\u00ed, nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, k\u00edch c\u1ee1 m\u1ea1ng, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac li\u00ean k\u1ebft, v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>M\u1ea1ng nano: <\/strong>nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng si\u00eau nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1ea1ng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (PAN): <\/strong>PAN l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eb1m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, nh\u01b0 laptop \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y scan\u2026<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1ea1ng khu v\u1ef1c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (SAN): <\/strong>SAN l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ed1i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nh\u01b0 d\u00e3y \u0111\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n b\u0103ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 (LAN): <\/strong>m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, hay c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1ea1ng khu v\u1ef1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf (CAN): <\/strong>CAN l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng LAN li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1ea1ng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb (MAN): <\/strong>MAN l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1ea1ng khu v\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng (WAN): <\/strong>WAN bao ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c bang, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1ea1ng ri\u00eang doanh nghi\u1ec7p (EPN): <\/strong>EPN l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1ea1ng ri\u00eang \u1ea3o (VPN): <\/strong>VPN l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng ri\u00eang t\u01b0 ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y: <\/strong>v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t WAN m\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Intranet: <\/strong>m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Intranet th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ph\u00eda sau b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn trong m\u1ed9t LAN.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Internet: <\/strong>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp b\u1edfi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Extranet: <\/strong>t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 intranet, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean t\u1eeb xa.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Darknet: <\/strong>m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng bao ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean internet, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c li\u00ean l\u1ea1c t\u00f9y bi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><strong>C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh trong kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o &#8211; gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, b\u00e1n l\u1ebb, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, hay y t\u1ebf &#8211; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, m\u1ea1ng c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-17788-2.png\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-18924\" width=\"720\" height=\"954\" alt=\"M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 10 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 2\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-17788-2.png 720w, https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-17788-2-226x300.png 226w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0y nay tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb cho nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00f2ng ban, khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00fai gi\u1edd. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1eefa. M\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00f3 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chung gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ph\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>M\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf ph\u00ed trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ean \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3y ra bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1, nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Khi doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng t\u0103ng theo. Khi m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. L\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh mainframe c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u00eam c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed n\u1eefa. B\u1edfi n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean truy xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 k\u00e9o theo \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng t\u1eadp trung c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u00edt h\u01a1n cho b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn IT.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>T\u0103ng dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ee9u tinh\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng gian l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1eadp trung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u0103ng dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>H\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u00f3a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb t\u1eadp tin, xem c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nhau, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch, v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. M\u1ecdi doanh nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eafn tin n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 Slack \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, email v\u1eabn l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c li\u00ean l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin d\u00f9ng khi giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Gi\u1ea3m l\u1ed7i<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m l\u1ed7i x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n duy nh\u1ea5t, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd xem th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb xa<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n nay khi th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch \u0111ang lan tr\u00e0n kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u1edf c\u00f4ng ty. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>10 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, hay k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. 5 m\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb l\u1ed7i, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u00ec \u1ea1ch n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 5 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-17788-3.png\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-18925\" width=\"720\" height=\"902\" alt=\"M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 10 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 4\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-17788-3.png 720w, https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-17788-3-239x300.png 239w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh hay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc m\u00e0 c\u00e1c node li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c, l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00f9y theo h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb con s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac li\u00ean k\u1ebft ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac li\u00ean k\u1ebft ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>M\u1ea1ng bus: <\/strong>m\u1ed7i node li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t node duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1ea1ng nh\u1eabn: <\/strong>m\u1ed7i node li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi 2 node kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc nh\u1eabn<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1ea1ng mesh: <\/strong>m\u1ed7i node li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi node kh\u00e1c trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1ea1ng sao: <\/strong>m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 node trung t\u00e2m li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u node kh\u00e1c. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n b\u1edfi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua t\u1eebng node.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1ea1ng c\u00e2y: <\/strong>c\u00e1c node \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Ghi nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Ghi nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, b\u1edfi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ng. Ghi nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, bao g\u1ed3m d\u00e2y, c\u00e1p, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/li>\n<li>Firmware<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c b\u1edfi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u1ea3n ghi nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ho\u1eb7c trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec m\u1ea1ng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng sau n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u1ea1ng: <\/strong>m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u1ea1ng mang l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea1n c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c g\u00f3i, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u00f2n t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng AI \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 m\u1ea1ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u00f4ng qua d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh: <\/strong>m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i theo d\u00f5i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tham s\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang c\u00f2n cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP: <\/strong>c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP (IPAM) \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh, theo d\u00f5i, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt: <\/strong>t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecdc n\u1ed9i dung, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eadm x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp &#8211; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf m\u1ecdi giao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb DDoS ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i v\u00f2ng ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c admin bi\u1ebft ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u01b0\u1ee3t truy c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u2026 Khi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf, admin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn \u1edf c\u1ea3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn, b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch, t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda, AP kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh sniffer, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u1ea1ng \u0111ang nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 social engineering kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp \u00edt \u01b0u ti\u00ean. M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 SSO v\u00e0 2FA. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>D\u00f9 t\u1eadp trung h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, trong qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t cao, v\u00e0 \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi nguy c\u01a1 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp kh\u00e1c nhau l\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt; tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 di\u1ec5n ra.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Chia t\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh. Chia nh\u1ecf cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn logic ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9ng n\u0103ng, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f9ng\u201d. Chia t\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng switcher, router, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p LAN \u1ea3o. M\u1ed9t \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng chia t\u00e1c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy c\u01a1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n kh\u00f4ng cho k\u1ebb gian ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng log t\u1eadp trung<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Log t\u1eadp trung l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch log c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nh\u00f3m b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1edd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m admin IT ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng honeypot v\u00e0 honeynet<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Honeypot l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y trang tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Honeynet l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. D\u00f9 t\u1ed1n th\u00eam chi ph\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng honeypot v\u00e0 honeynet gi\u00fap c\u00e1c admin ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1 c\u00f3 \u00e2m m\u01b0u ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u0169 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u1ed7i t\u1eeb ph\u00eda con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng. T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a ph\u1ea3i \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt; v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP, ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ed5 sung t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<h4>C\u00e1c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cM\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh\u201d<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div class=\"AJLUJb\">\n<div data-hveid=\"CCYQAA\">\n<div class=\"s75CSd OhScic AB4Wff\">M\u1ea1ng\u00a0m\u00e1y t\u00ednh\u00a0la g\u00ec<span style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a\u00a0m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh\u00a0m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>H\u1ecdc\u00a0m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m\u00a0m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh\u00a0l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/td>\n<td>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a\u00a0m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/td>\n<td>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a\u00a0m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/td>\n<td><b>C\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/b><span>\u00a0<\/span>m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>B\u00e0i li\u00ean quan<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"elementor-post__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/khung-gio-vang-dang-bai-ban-hang\/\">Khung gi\u1edd v\u00e0ng \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i 2022<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"elementor-post__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/plugin-chia-se-mang-xa-hoi-cho-wordpress\/\">10 Plugin chia s\u1ebb m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho WordPress t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t 2022<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"post_title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tenten.vn\/tin-tuc\/remix-os-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Remix OS l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t Remix OS tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. Nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y nh\u01b0 c\u00e1p&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17789,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17788","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chuyen-muc-khac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17788","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17788"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17788\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17789"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17788"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17788"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17788"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}