{"id":5082,"date":"2022-03-22T13:23:41","date_gmt":"2022-03-22T06:23:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hostify.vn\/blog\/?p=5082"},"modified":"2022-03-22T13:23:41","modified_gmt":"2022-03-22T06:23:41","slug":"he-thong-phan-giai-ten-mien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/he-thong-phan-giai-ten-mien\/","title":{"rendered":"DNS l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng?"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n<\/strong> hay DNS l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trung gian gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c website. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o website \u0111\u00f3. DNS \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch trung gian, chuy\u1ec3n t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a DNS gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng danh b\u1ea1 tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i. DNS gi\u00fap chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a website \u0111\u00f3. Th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n ri\u00eang g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c server t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 DNS l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ngay t\u1ea1i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y nh\u00e9!<\/span><\/p>\n

\"DNS<\/a>

DNS l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng?<\/p><\/div>\n

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u chung v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n hay DNS l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n hay dns l\u00e0 g\u00ec? DNS l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u201cDomain Name System\u201d. V\u1eady domain name system l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cDomain name\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n, \u201cSystem\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u1eady ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb domain name system c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng? Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch s\u00e1t ngh\u0129a cho c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean gia d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb domain name system l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u1edf ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trung gian. Gi\u00fap chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t danh b\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng gian m\u1ea1ng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng. V\u1eady c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 DNS l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 DNS l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n k\u00e8m theo \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3. Hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 DNS gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n danh b\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n google.com c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 209.85.231.104. Trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a DNS s\u1ebd l\u01b0u tr\u1eef hai th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng server k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhau.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

DNS d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n
\"DNS<\/a>

DNS l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/p><\/div>\n

Khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng gian m\u1ea1ng, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ri\u00eang. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c. V\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1ed7i website c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e3y s\u1ed1 d\u00e0i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 nh\u1edb h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1eady l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP n\u00e0y khi truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t website?<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o website m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i truy c\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadp t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a website. DNS \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn website.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n

Giao th\u1ee9c DNS s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t. Nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong chu\u1ed7i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cDNS query\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 website <\/span>www.google.com<\/span><\/a> nh\u00e9.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, server domain names (DNS server) s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u00f4ng tin ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i trong file hosts – t\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng tin ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n hostname th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd t\u00ecm trong cache (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb t\u1ea1m). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb t\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a ISP. N\u1ebfu m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trang ch\u1ee7.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i DNS Server v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang<\/b><\/h2>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 4 lo\u1ea1i domain name server tham gia v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng DNS. G\u1ed3m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c server c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 sau \u0111\u00e2y:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Root Name Servers<\/b><\/h3>\n

Root Name Servers c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 Name Server. L\u00e0 Server quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, Root name server l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, sau khi nh\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb DNS <\/span>Recursive Resolver<\/span>, Root name server s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm trong top level DNS <\/span>( ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 TLD Name Servers) <\/span>c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"H\u1ec7<\/a>

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n DNS ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p><\/div>\n