{"id":7733,"date":"2022-03-28T09:04:54","date_gmt":"2022-03-28T02:04:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hostify.vn\/blog\/?p=7733"},"modified":"2022-03-28T09:04:54","modified_gmt":"2022-03-28T02:04:54","slug":"domain-model-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hostify.vn\/blog\/domain-model-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Domain model l\u00e0 g\u00ec | T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u 4 layer li\u00ean quan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Domain model l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong><\/a>? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng? D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh hay framework n\u00e0o th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng Domain model.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Domain model c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf project 3 l\u1edbp. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Domain model s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u00edch cho b\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho code c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi hay b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf, MVC v\u1eabn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3m \u0111i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Domain model l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Domain Model. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u00e9.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Domain<\/a>

Domain model l\u00e0 g\u00ec | T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u 4 layer li\u00ean quan<\/p><\/div>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m domain model l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/b><\/h2>\n

Domain model<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 MVC hay nh\u1eefng <\/span>design pattern kh\u00e1c.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda: B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebf to\u00e1n<\/a> n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 k\u1ebf to\u00e1n. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, khi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0 psd hay picture hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p tin spec.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Sau khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ec7p tin design b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m code. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh DDD b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u1eeb domain, \u0111i t\u1eeb t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3 domain model s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh 4 layer. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c layer n\u00e0y nh\u00e9.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

04 layer li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn domain model l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h2>\n

User Interface Layer<\/b><\/h3>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u00e0m bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1ef1c quan cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch nh\u1eefng user command. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean giao di\u1ec7n khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trigger. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5n n\u00fat ho\u1eb7c click v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng UI input control. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng command x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Application Layer<\/b><\/h3>\n

T\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ecfng v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t \u00edt logic x\u1eed l\u00fd. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 coordinate nh\u1eefng Activity c\u1ee7a Application. Application Layer kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c Business Logic. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a state c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng Business Object. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c\u00a0 state c\u1ee7a Application Task Progress.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng Controller<\/a> trong quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a MVC v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp (forward) \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u201ctask\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Domain Layer<\/b><\/h3>\n

L\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (Business Software), nh\u1eefng status c\u1ee7a Business Object \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c persistence c\u1ee7a Business Object v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng state s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao cho t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi. Tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m \u1edf Domain layer. Sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf layer n\u00e0y. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac source code s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo t\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u1ea1ng xem nh\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"domain<\/a>

T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 4 Layer li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn domain model l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/p><\/div>\n

Infrastructure Layer<\/b><\/h3>\n

L\u00e0 layer \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n (supporting libraries) cho nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Layer n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c layer kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c Business Object c\u1ee7a Domain.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c Domain Model<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hay t\u00edch g\u00f3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Domain Model b\u1ea1n n\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m coder th\u00ec sao? Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u0169y ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 domain model.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u00e3y t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi th\u00eam v\u1ec1 domain model l\u00e0 g\u00ec.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda khi l\u00e0m domain model l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/b><\/h3>\n

B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0u th\u1ee7y tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 quen bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m trong ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng th\u1ee7y ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Sau khi thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng tin sang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ubiquitous language. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n th\u00eam 3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan n\u1eefa. Sau \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ubiquitous language<\/b><\/h3>\n
\"<\/a>

T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 Domain Model l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/p><\/div>\n

Ubiquitous language gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00e0i. Ubiquitous language gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef, m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Entity\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Object. Entity trong D\u0110 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t object. Entity c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00e3 ID \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Value object<\/b><\/h3>\n

Value object v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Object nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh danh. \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Value Object l\u00e0 Immutable. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi m\u1ed9t value object \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t Entity n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Aggregate<\/b><\/h3>\n

Aggregate c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n x\u00f3a m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd k\u00e9o theo x\u00f3a nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. B\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng Entity post, post n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u comment v\u00e0 like. N\u1ebfu x\u00f3a entity post s\u1ebd k\u00e9o theo x\u00f3a h\u1ebft comment l\u00e0 like c\u1ee7a post \u0111\u00f3. Domain model l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn Domain model l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u1ec1 Domain model l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong>. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn chi ti\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn domain model th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p nh\u1eefng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 domain model. Gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. C\u1ea3m \u01a1n b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 quan t\u00e2m theo d\u00f5i.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i li\u00ean quan:<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00ean mua hosting gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u uy t\u00edn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 2022<\/a><\/p>\n

6 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n (domain age) nhanh nh\u1ea5t<\/a><\/p>\n

L\u1ed7i 503 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/a><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n<\/strong><\/p>\n